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Where Next doesn't rewrite the web. We sort, verify and structure information from recognised public and institutional sources. Every figure shown on a country profile is traceable to an official source or to an independent index used by administrations, advisory firms and international institutions.
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We sort, verify and cross-check public and institutional sources. Here they are by main family. The exhaustive source-by-source detail appears on each country profile, in Pro access.
National tax administration sites (impot.gouv equivalents for each covered country), immigration services, business registries, education and health ministries. A tax figure not confirmed by its issuing administration doesn't appear in our profiles.
Tax administrations · Immigration services · Business registries · Ministries
impot.gouv.fr, BOFiP (Official Bulletin of Public Finances), Légifrance, France Diplomatie. Reference for bilateral treaties France / target country, exit tax (art. 167 bis CGI), consular procedures and traveller advice.
impot.gouv.fr · BOFiP · Légifrance · France Diplomatie
Indicators published annually by international organisations and used by administrations, advisory firms and recognised institutions: quality of life (HDI), peace and safety (GPI), corruption (CPI), governance (WGI), economic freedom (Heritage), English level (EF EPI), compared education (PISA / OECD).
HDI · GPI · CPI · WGI · Heritage · EF EPI · PISA · OECD
International crowdsourced indices for cost of living and healthcare, local property sites in every covered city for median rents by typology, international weather services for climate, internet speed indices, public transport operators. No anecdotes, no blogs, no forums.
Numbeo · Local property sites · International weather · Speedtest · Public transport
Detailed source-by-source list visible on each country profile · Pro access.
Citing a source isn't enough. Here are the 4 internal rules we apply to every figure published on a country profile.
Every important quantitative figure (rate, threshold, scheme) is cross-checked between at least two independent official sources before publication.
Sensitive information carries a verification date. Profiles are updated on each reform; Pro subscribers receive an alert on their target countries.
Reddit, Facebook expat groups, personal blogs are used as alert signals or experience reports, never as a primary source for a figure.
No firm, bank, or agency sponsors our profiles. When a partner is cited, it's explicit. See our independence page.
For completeness: here are the sources you'll find elsewhere that we deliberately set aside. They can still be useful to understand context, but not to back a published figure.
Useful as alert signals or experience reports. Not as the source of a tax rate or visa threshold.
A 2019 blog on Portuguese taxation is no longer current. We only rely on sources that are updated and dated.
ChatGPT and the like invent plausible-but-wrong tax rates. No figure is published without human verification against an official source.
Commission-paid comparators have a structural bias. Where Next takes nothing from the firms or agencies it cites. See our independence page.
If we publish a rate or a threshold, you can trace it back to the source. If we consider a piece of data uncertain, we say so explicitly on the profile. The rest is reading time we save you.